ROSEMARY M. COLLYER, District Judge.
Plaintiff Richard Maurice Gable, proceeding pro se, is a Vietnam War veteran who alleges that the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Washington, D.C. was negligent in treating him for what should have been a routine replacement of his left knee. According to Mr. Gable, he contracted an infection and required additional surgeries, including amputation of his left leg without his consent. Mr. Gable filed suit in the United States Court of Federal Claims, which transferred the case to this Court. The United States moves to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. For the following reason, the Court denies the motion to dismiss.
The Court of Federal Claims succinctly summarized the facts underlying Mr. Gable's claim as follows:
Gable v. United States, 106 Fed.Cl. 294, 295-96 (Fed.Cl.2012) (some citations omitted, some stylistic alterations made).
The United States filed a motion to dismiss in the Court of Federal Claims, arguing
The Court of Federal Claims agreed that it lacked jurisdiction under the Tucker Act, id. at 297-98, but found that a transfer to this Court was in the interest of justice under 28 U.S.C. § 1631, id. at 298-300. In doing so, the Court of Federal Claims rejected the United States's argument that Mr. Gable's filing of a complaint in the Court of Federal Claims did not satisfy the requirement that a person aggrieved by an agency's denial of a tort claim file suit within six months. Id. at 299 ("The United States District Court for the District of Columbia, however, had jurisdiction over Plaintiff's tort claims when the March 29, 2012 Complaint was filed, since the Complaint was filed within six months of the DVA's September 30, 2011 Decision."); see 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b) (setting six-month requirement for filing an FTCA suit following administrative denial).
Importantly for purposes of the instant motion, the Court of Federal Claims declined to address the United States's argument that Mr. Gable's claim was untimely because — as the DVA had held — he had not sought administrative review from DVA within two years of his injury under 28 U.S.C. 2401(b). See Gable, 106 Fed.Cl. at 299 n. 4. The Court of Federal Claims opined:
Gable, 106 Fed.Cl. at 299 n. 4.
The case was docketed in this Court on October 2, 2012. See [Dkt. 1] (copy of Complaint and Court of Federal Claims records). At an initial scheduling conference held on January 4, 2013, counsel for the United States stated that it wished to file a motion to dismiss based on timeliness grounds before the case proceeded any further, and the Court granted that request. On January 23, 2013, the United
When reviewing a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1), a court must review the complaint liberally, granting the plaintiff the benefit of all inferences that can be derived from the facts alleged. Barr v. Clinton, 370 F.3d 1196, 1199 (D.C.Cir.2004). To determine whether it has jurisdiction over the claim, a court may consider materials outside the pleadings. Settles v. U.S. Parole Comm'n, 429 F.3d 1098, 1107 (D.C.Cir.2005). No action of the parties can confer subject matter jurisdiction on a federal court because subject matter jurisdiction is an Article III and a statutory requirement. Akinseye v. District of Columbia, 339 F.3d 970, 971 (D.C.Cir.2003). The party claiming subject matter jurisdiction bears the burden of demonstrating that such jurisdiction exists. Khadr v. United States, 529 F.3d 1112, 1115 (D.C.Cir.2008).
The United States, construing Mr. Gable's Complaint to allege only a claim under the Federal Tort Claims Act, argues that "[i]t is undisputed that the injuries [Mr.] Gable alleges occurred no later than the end of August 2006" and that "[Mr.] Gable knew that the VA Medical Center staff had amputated his leg without permission on August 23, 2006 when the operation occurred." Mot. Dismiss at 6; see also id. at 8 (arguing that Mr. Gable "knew of the fact of the amputation immediately and learned of the conduct he characterizes as negligence shortly thereafter"). Because Mr. Gable "only filed his claim with the VA on September 28, 2008, 25 months later" — outside the jurisdictional two-year statute of limitations for FTCA claims under 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b) — the United States argues that this Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction. Mot. Dismiss at 6. The gravamen of Mr. Gable's responses to the United States is that, as the Court of Federal Claims noted, his "[m]edical treatment was still ongoing throughout October 2006," meaning that he timely filed his claim with DVA on September 28, 2008. See, e.g., Pl. Opp. [Dkt. 17] at 2.
It is "axiomatic that the United States may not be sued without its consent and that the existence of consent is a prerequisite for jurisdiction." United States v. Mitchell, 463 U.S. 206, 212, 103 S.Ct. 2961, 77 L.Ed.2d 580 (1983); see also FDIC v. Meyer, 510 U.S. 471, 475, 114 S.Ct. 996, 127 L.Ed.2d 308 (1994) (absent a specific waiver, the United States government is protected from suit by the doctrine of sovereign immunity). In addition, sovereign immunity bars suits for money damages against public officials sued in their official capacities absent a specific waiver by the government. Clark v. Library of Congress, 750 F.2d 89, 103 (D.C.Cir.1984).
The exclusive remedy for torts committed by Government employees in the scope of their employment is a suit against the Government itself under the Federal Tort Claims Act ("FTCA"), 28 U.S.C. §§ 1346(b), 2671-2680. In other words, the FTCA works as a limited waiver of sovereign immunity. Sloan v. Dep't of Housing and Urban Dev., 236 F.3d 756,
On the present state of the record, the Motion to Dismiss will be denied. Even construing the Complaint as alleging only one claim under the FTCA instead of five separate claims, as the United States does,
Although the DVA concluded that Mr. Gable's FTCA claim was barred because he was "fully informed of [his] medical situation" no later than September 5, 2006, Mr. Gable's allegations pertain to conduct continuing until October 2006. In the Complaint, he alleges: "On January 2006 [Mr. Gable] was hospitalized ... and left the hospital ten months later with a missing limb.... On August 23rd 2006, the amputation was performed and the limb taken without the appropriate legal consent and authorization. This ... led to 2 additional surgeries." Compl. at 4; see also id. at 1, 3 (referring to a "ten month stay" and averring that "Dr. Reubin A. Bueno had to perform 2 additional operations to fix [Mr. Gable's] leg after it had been amputated."). As the Court of Federal Claims noted, and as Mr. Gable argued in response to the Motion to Dismiss, the Complaint alleges "ongoing medical malpractice and gross negligence up until Plaintiff's October 2006 discharge from the VA Medical Center." Gable, 106 Fed.Cl. at 299 n. 4.
At the very least, Mr. Gable may be able to pursue claims that were timely — i.e., claims relating to care after the amputation accruing within the two years prior to September 16, 2008. See 28 U.S.C. § 2401(b). Moreover, Mr. Gable may also be able to show that his claims did not accrue on September 5, 2006, as the DVA Office of General Counsel claimed, but that he "discovered both his injury and its cause" at a later date. See Sexton, 832 F.2d at 633 (quoting United States v. Kubrick, 444 U.S. 111, 120, 100 S.Ct. 352, 62 L.Ed.2d 259 (1979)). Mr. Gable has made allegations consistent with such an argument. E.g., Pl. Opp. [Dkt. 17] at 2 ("I was indeed still under the care of the VA with multiple surgeries ... throughout October 2006, and into the year 2007."); see also Compl. at 4 (alleging that he was "placed in a recovery room without wheelchair access"). It is also possible
An eleven-day delay could make a major difference in Mr. Gable's ability to recover. At this early stage of the case, the Court does not rely on the DVA Office of the General Counsel's conclusion as to when the claim accrued. It is too early to say that Mr. Gable is barred by the FTCA's statute of limitations.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will deny the United States's Motion to Dismiss without prejudice. A memorializing Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.